Construction of Arabic Words

If we are familiar with with English words, in the standard writing, the letters are written separately to form a word. Each of the word is separated by a space.

The arabic writing is different. The text is written from right to left. The letters to form a word are joined, there is a simple rule on the ways the letters are joined. Some words can be joined with another word. There is no space required between words.

The followings are some examples on how the letters are joined.

1.            dwelled                     س ك ن   .......   سكن.....the word is pronounced as "sa ka na". It consists of three letters which sound like.. from  right to left   (nun=ك) (ن = kaf).. (س=sin)

2.            worshipped             نسك   ....... ن س ك ..the word is pronounced as "na sa ka".. It consists of three letters which sound like.. from  right to left   (sin=ك)....(س=kaf..)... (ن = nun)..
3.            ate                         أ ك ل        .......  أكل ..the word is pronounced as "a ka la" . It consists of three letters which sound like.. from  right to left   ...(....ل. = lam).(..ك=kaf....)(.أ..= a)

The arabic verbs are divided into 3 types, present tense, past tense and commanding or request. The example in English for the word eat are ...1. he eats     2. he ate     3.please eat .  the earlier example    أكل   means he ate.
The root word for Arabic is past tense, as present tense is the root word for English.

Arabic letter.
There are 28 letters in Arabic, and some of them cannot be translated directly to English. Some of the letters do not have the equivalent sound in English. The letters are:

اب ت ث ج ح خ دذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل م ن ه و ي ى

surah alfil

Surah alFil, means the elephants. It is the story of the army from Yemen lead by Abrahah, who came to Mecca to bring down the Kaabah. the event occurred in the year that prophet Mohamad was born.

As the story went, Abrahah had built a house of worship, better and more advance than that of Mecca. The wanted to attract more visitors to Yemen thus that will bring along the trade. So in one of his meeting with the Councillors, he was informed that the only way to prevent people from visiting Mecca was to destroy the Kaaba. So with the advise, he set off with an army consisting of some elephants. For that reason, the year was know as the year of the elephants.

When the army entered the valley of Mecca, the populations were afraid and run off to the surrounding hills. So they actually saw with their own eyes, how flocks of small birds came upon and destroyed the army. Some of the population were already reaching young adulthood and were stout enemy of Mohamad.

When Mohamad was made a messenger,The surah was revealed to question these people.... Why you still do not believe in Islam, when the army of the elephants came, you saw it with your very eyes how the God destroyed them.

1 ‏أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِأَصْحَبِ ٱلْفِيلِ  Have you (O Muhammad (Peace be upon him)) not seen how your Lord dealt with the Owners of the Elephant? [The elephant army which came from Yemen under the command of Abrahah Al-Ashram intending to destroy the Ka'bah at Makkah].‎	'ʔalam tara kayfa faʕala rab:uka bi'ʔaṣḥabi 'lfiyli
2 ‏أَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ كَيْدَهُمْ فِى تَضْلِيلٍۢ Did He not make their plot go astray? ‎	'ʔalam yajʕal kaydahum fiy taḍliylinm
3 ‏وَأَرْسَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ طَيْرًا أَبَابِيلَ 3.And sent against them birds, in flocks, ‎	wa'ʔarsala ʕalayhim ṭayran' 'ʔaba'biyla
4 ‏تَرْمِيهِم بِحِجَارَةٍۢ مِّن سِجِّيلٍۢ 4. Striking them with stones of Sijjil ‎	tarmiyhim biḥija'ratinm m:in sij:iylinm
5 ‏فَجَعَلَهُمْ كَعَصْفٍۢ مَّأْكُولٍۭ  5.And made them like an empty field of stalks (of which the corn has been eaten up by cattle).‎	fajaʕalahum kaʕaṣfinm m:a'ʔkuwlinm

These are the people who had closed their eyes and closed their heart from receiving the truth. We can take the story in our efforts to bring forth the message to the non-believer.

waAllahu a'klam.

Surah al'lail

92. ‏الليل‎

'llyl

1 ‏وَٱلَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَىٰ ‎

wa'l:ayli 'ʔiða' yaɣʃay'

..

وَ- bermaksud demi
- haraf qosam
- befungsi macam haraf jar, ia itu membaris bawahkan isim selepas ia.

..........................

ٱلَّيْلِ - malam itu
- isim - bukti nya ia dimulakan dengan alif lam dan baris asas isim ialah baris kasrah ia itu baris bawah.
- domir tersembunyi ia lah huwa.. هو

..........................
إِذَا - apabila
- zorof masa

..........................
يَغْشَىٰ - ia kelam
- fail mudorek
- muzkar
- jumlah nya mufrad
- domir tersembunyi ia lah huwa .. هو
=====================================

2 ‏وَٱلنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّىٰ ‎

wa'ln:aha'ri 'ʔiða' tajal:ay'

2. dan siang apabila ia lahir terang-benderang;

وَ .... dan ... wau atof

ٱلنَّهَارِ ... siang hari

إِذَ ..... zorof zaman atau masa

ا تَجَلَّىٰ - ia terang

==============================

3 ‏وَمَا خَلَقَ ٱلذَّكَرَ وَٱلْأُنثَىٰٓ ‎

wama' xalaqa 'lð:akara wa'l'ʔunθay'ʔ

3. Demi Yang menciptakan (makhluk-makhlukNya) lelaki dan perempuan, (jantan dan betina); -3. Demi Yang menciptakan (makhluk-makhlukNya) lelaki dan perempuan, (jantan dan betina); -

وَ ... demi .... Wau Qosam atau wau sumpah

مَا .. apa yang .....isim penyambung

خَلَقَ .... ia telah mencipta ... fiil mardi .... mufrad/ singular ..... musculine/lelaki

ٱلذَّكَرَ ..... jantan .... isim

baris asas bagi maful ialah bari atas.

وَ ... wau atof ... penyambung ... baris selepas wau ikut baris sebelum nya

ٱلْأُنثَىٰٓ .... betina ... isim... huruf ellah .

..........................................

1. tiap tiap perbuatan mesti ada faa il . Baris asas pada faail ialah baris hadapan.

2. fiil memerlukan kepada yang kena buat atau maful . Baris asas pada maful ia lah baris hadapan..

=========================================

13.

13 ‏وَإِنَّ لَنَا لَلْءَاخِرَةَ وَٱلْأُولَىٰ ‎

wa'ʔin:a lana' lalʔa'xirata wa'l'ʔuwlay'

‏ وَ
إِنَّ
لَنَا
لَلْءَاخِرَةَ
وَ
ٱلْأُولَىٰ

ARABIC WORDS

Easy Arabic Language investigate the nature of arabic words. Arabic Words are divided into 3 groups. They are:

1. Nouns ....اسم

2. Verbs ..... فعل

3. Particle  ....حرف

A. Nouns atau "ismu" is the word that refer to name of a person,place, animals, or any living things or non living thing. For example:


بقرة  ---- baqaratun ---- a female cow
ثور ----- thurun   -----   male cow
جاموس ---- jaamusun ---- buffalo
 قطة  ----- qit to tun ----  female cat
دجاجة -----  da ja ja tun ---  hen - female chicken
ديك -----  di kun   ----  male chicken
شجرة ---- sha ja ra tun  -- a tree


Types of nouns
Basically the nouns are further divided into male or female:

1.muscline - مذكر   (mu zak ka run )
2. feminine -  مؤنث   (mu ann nas thun )

There is no definite indicator to show that a word is masculine, and as such all are considered masculine unless there are indicator that it is feminine. A word is considered feminine when you have the followings:
    1. a word that refer to female- e.g, mother ام,  , daughter  بنت, bride groom عروس   , female cow.

    2. the en of the word with ta' marbutah  ,  خادمة - a female servant.,    ابنة - a daughter,  كبيرة- big, جديدة - new,

    3. Name of a place  --- مصر  Egypt,

    4. name of body's organ which is normally in pairs. يد  - hands

    5. Any name ending with the letters  alif hamzah. --صحرة  -  desert,  صفراء - yellow,

    6. Name that is considered as feminine like   the earth  ارض , war, house, wind, the sun, fire- نار


ام,   بنت   ,عروس   ,   خادمة,   ابنة   , كبيرة  , جديدة مصر , يد ,,,رجل,, صحرة ,,صفراء ,  ارض ,  نار

More examples of Feminine words


ابرة - a needle
باخرة - a ship
تلاوة - reading
تفاحة - apple,
ثمرة --a fruit
حقيبة -- a beg,
سفينة -- a ship,
شفة  -- a lip
ضريرة -- small

Examples of Masculine Words --- مذكر
Door  --  باب
House --  بيت
Country --   بلد
Date --     تمر
Hill  ---      جبل

COUNTING TO TWO - DUAL

Learn Arabic Language can be fun. One of the area to be learned is mussanna. Musanna (المثنئ ) is the term used in Arabic to indicate the number of an object is two. In English, we use ' a car' to indicate one car and ' two cars' to show that there number of cars is two.However, the Arabic grammar works slightly different. Arabic has three groups instead of two for English ( Singular and Plural.). The Arabic groupings are as follows:

1. One - Singular مفرد

e.g one car................. سيارة....sayyarah.....

      one book...........كتاب   ......kitab

2. Two - two -      المثنئ

e.g two cars................سيارتان....... sayyaratin

     two books............كتابان........... kitabanin

3. three and more - jama' - جمع

To change a singular ( مفرد ) is by putting the suffix   ان or ون . The last    ن to be read with kasrah (like having the letter i and the marking is at the bottom.

e.g   ا  

    در١جة     a bicycles

   در١جةان    two bicycles

  قلم        a pen

  قلمان    two pens

What is considered not a Mussanna  ( الثني )

1.Word to Indicate one... mufrad... مفرد

2. Word to indicate many... jama' ... جمع

3. Word to indicate proper nouns, (nama Khas), name of person, plac.

  e.g If a person's name is Sha'ban... it is not a mussanna even though the ending letters are alif and nun.

اشعبان - not the alif and nun at the end, but because it is the name of a person, it is not considered mussanna. Hope this sharing of learning arabic language is beneficial.

Lesson 1 Arabic Alphabet

easy arabic
الدرس الاول

الاحرف العربية

There are 28 letters in Arabic compared to 26 in the English alphabet. Some of the letters have similar sound to that of English, while some may not. Although there are similarity, it is not an exact match.

Another characteristic of Arabic letters are that, the letters can be spelled and the students are expected to be able to spelled it. This is because the spelling has the significant to its sound.

1. alif ا
2. ba ب
3. ta ت
4. tha ث
5. jim ج
6. ha ح
7. kha خ
8. dal د
9. dhal ذ
10.ra ر
11.zay ز
12. sin س
13. shin ش
14. sad ص
15.dad ض
16.tha ط
17.zha ظ
18. ain ع
19. ghain غ
20. fa ف
21. qaf ق
22. kaf ك
23. lam ل
24. mim م
25. nun ن
26. ha ه
27. waw و
28. ya ي
29. hamzah ء


joharahman